83 Whales and Dolphins Found High Levels of Toxic Pollutants

An analysis of 83 dolphins and whales that washed ashore on the coast of the United States from 2012-2018 showed that their fat layer contained alarming levels of toxic pollutants.

The findings, published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science, reveal that pollutants from herbicides, food packaging, toothpaste, soap, detergents and toys have managed to enter the marine animal's body tissues.

This is the first study to report on the concentration of pollutants in the fat of dolphins and whales — including the white-snout dolphin and Gervais' beaked whale, whose scientific records are still extremely sparse.

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Led by researchers from the Harbor Branch Institute, Florida Atlantic University, the study analyzed fat samples to measure the concentrations of five organin toxins, including atrazine, DEP, NPER, bisphenol-A, diethyl phthalate, and triclosan. The data is then complemented by a sample analysis measuring the presence of the elements and the toxic content of the industry.

Analysis showed that several factors influenced the concentration of toxins and trace elements in the cetacean fat, including species, sex, age, and place of residence. For example, bottlenose dolphins have much higher concentrations of lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, thallium and zinc in their livers. Meanwhile, sperm whales have higher levels of NPE, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, and iron.

In female bottlenose dolphins, arsenic is the element of greatest concern, considering that it is more abundant than in adult males.

These differences indicate the importance of geographic location to dolphin health, as well as how changes in the marine environment can greatly affect animal health.

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Scientists claim that these toxic pollutants enter the marine environment in the form of polluted water runoff or from chemicals in single-use plastics dumped there.

The specific chemicals detected were associated with food packaging, detergents and even children's toys, some of which contained harmful phthalates.

"We must do something to reduce the amount of toxins that enter the marine environment. They have implications for health and the environment, not only for marine life but also for humans," said Dr. Annie Pahe-Karjian, assistant research professor and clinical veterinarian from the Harbor Branch. Institute, Florida Atlantic University.

"These chemicals work their way through the food chain and become more concentrated at higher altitudes. When dolphins and whales eat fish with this concentration of chemicals, the toxic elements enter their bodies. The same can happen to humans. when consuming marine animals, "he concluded.

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Climate Crisis, Arctic Ice Threatened to Disappear by 2035

About 127,000 years ago, during the last interglacial period, temperatures in the Arctic increased by about 2 to 6 ° C — melting all of the sea ice in Earth's Arctic.

Back then, hardwood trees such as oak and hazel could grow in what we now call the Arctic Circle.

Now, a new study using climate modeling from the Met Office Hadley Center UK, allows scientists to compare Arctic sea ice during the late interglacial period with current conditions, as quoted by The Independent.

Also Read: Found High Levels of Toxic Pollutants in 83 Whales and Dolphins

The researchers say the evidence they found suggests that the Arctic could completely lose sea ice within 15 years. Based on climate models, the intense spring sunshine results in the creation of "melt ponds".

These pools of melt are very important because they determine how much sunlight the ice sheet will absorb and which is reflected back out into space.

Ice has a higher rate of reflection than water. In other words, when a pool of melt is created — especially in a large enough size — then much more sunlight is absorbed into the Earth.

In the end, this event caused the remaining ice at the Pole to melt even more.

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Dr Louise Sime, paleoiklim modeling expert from the British Antarctic Survey, said: "We know the Arctic is undergoing significant changes as the Earth warms up. By understanding what happened in the interglacial period, we can predict conditions in the future. "

"It is possible that sea ice in the Arctic will disappear by 2035. Therefore, we must focus on reducing carbon as soon as possible," he concluded.

The research is published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

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This Mars Rover Has Oxygen-Making Technology from Carbon Dioxide

NASA's Rover Perseverance was launched onto the Red Planet on July 30. This interplanetary explorer has been tasked with conducting several tests and experiments whose results can be used to understand whether humans can survive on Mars.

Now, equipped with a technology called Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE), the Perseverance rover will try to produce a very valuable "asset" for humans, namely oxygen.

Also Read: Where Does the Liquid on Mars Come From? Researchers Find New Clues

On the planet Mars, oxygen only fills 0.2% of the atmosphere, in contrast to Earth, which has 21% oxygen. Therefore, it is very difficult to breathe on Mars. Humans might be able to carry oxygen cylinders, but that would produce a very heavy payload and complicate the mission. Seeing this, NASA focused on facilitating their mission on Mars by making their own oxygen there.

Reporting from IFL Science, the MOXIE technology carried out by Preserverance is a test of an actual device that will one day be sent to Mars. This technology converts carbon dioxide (which makes up 95% of the Martian atmosphere) by electrochemically splitting it into oxygen and carbon monoxide. It then combines free oxygen to make O2.

In this case, MOXIE will pump oxygen and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. Scientists say the oxygen and carbon monoxide that will be produced later will not change the planet's atmosphere significantly so it is not a cause for concern.

"If you release carbon monoxide into the Martian atmosphere, it will eventually combine with the tiny amount of remaining oxygen that's there and return to carbon dioxide," said Michael Hecht, principal investigator for MOXIE.

Also read: Mars Occultation to Meteor Rain, This is a Celestial Phenomenon in August 2020

The main goal targeted in the future is to create O2 and then store it in a tank that can be used by humans, as well as for long rocket trips home.

Humans need about 0.5 cubic meters (19 cubic feet) of air per day, while according to NASA, MOXIE will only be able to create about 0.03 cubic meters (1.2 cubic feet) of "Earth air".

Experiments will continue throughout the Perseverance mission. The rover will immediately try to convert CO2 when it arrives on Mars, estimated on February 18, 2021.

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