The Earth's Magnetic Field Can Shift 10 Times Faster than Predicted

 Earth's magnetic field is created by the movement of molten iron in the outer core of our planet. Even so, its detailed changes continue to confuse scientists. We know the poles move and can even turn around, but much remains to be revealed in this process.

A series of recent simulations, published in Nature Communication, show that the Earth's magnetic field can shift ten times faster than predicted so far. In particular, this rapid change may occur when the field is at its weakest point, such as during a polar reversal — where the position of the pole changes dramatically for several thousand years before returning to normal.

The simulation covers the last 100 thousand years and tries to reproduce geological findings related to polar reversals in the past. Researchers found changes in the direction of the field in speeds up to ten times with variations up to one degree per year. This modeling found the cause of changes in the core, about 2,800 kilometers below the surface.

"We have incomplete knowledge about the Earth's magnetic field 400 years ago. However, since this rapid change represents the extreme behavior of the fluid core, it can provide important information about the inside of the Earth, "said Dr Chris Davies, a researcher from the University of Leeds.

The evolution of magnetic fields can leave traces on certain rocks. Scientists have used this geological record to track changes in magnetic fields for thousands of years. They believe, evidence of this rapid and dramatic reversal can occur in rocks at low latitudes.

"Understanding whether computer simulations of magnetic fields accurately reflect their physical behavior can be very challenging," said Professor Catherine Constable, vice study leader.

"In this case, computer simulations have been able to show very good agreement on the level of change and the general location of the most extreme events. Further study of the dynamics that develop in this simulation offers a useful strategy for documenting how fast change occurs. Also whether the condition was found during a stable magnetic polarity as it is today, "he concluded.

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